The period spanning 1949 to 1971 marks a shift toward integrating anesthesia within the broader perioperative process, emphasizing standardized postanesthetic recovery assessment, large-scale risk evaluation, and regional analgesia as means to improve patient safety and outcome measurement. Research patterns favored observational analyses of mortality, physical status, and recovery trajectories, enabling cross‑center comparability and the development of early risk stratification concepts that would later culminate in formal perioperative frameworks. Methodological emphasis on outcome orientation, safety monitoring, and analgesic advancement unified intraoperative care with postoperative recovery.